Trial is an examination of the facts and law put in issue in a case by a judge or jury. Trials are a structured process based on strict rules to ensure everyone has a fair chance to have their case resolved in a timely and effective manner.
Prosecutors must prove each element of the crime(s) beyond a reasonable doubt to convince a fact finder (which could be a judge alone or a jury) that the defendant committed the charges against them. The defendant’s attorney also uses witnesses and evidence to tell their side of the story to the fact finder.
During the trial, both sides present their opening statements to explain what they intend to show during the rest of the trial. After that, each witness is questioned by the prosecution and the defense, including their expert witnesses who can provide testimony on specialized details of the case. Physical objects and documents can be used as evidence at trial as well. All witnesses must testify under oath that their statements are true. If they lie during the trial, they can be charged with perjury, which is a serious crime.
Understanding the different endpoints clinical trials use may help patients make informed decisions about whether to participate in a study or not. It is important to know that the decision to withdraw or remain in a clinical trial should be made based on a patient’s personal experience, health needs and medical background, not just financial considerations.